Vulval cancer is a relatively rare but serious gynecological cancer that primarily affects the outer part of the female genitalia, known as the vulva. Despite its rarity, the number of cases is rising, especially among older women and those with certain risk factors like HPV infection or lichen sclerosus. In cities like Kolkata and across India, awareness about this disease remains alarmingly low. As with most cancers, early detection is key to effective treatment and better outcomes.
This blog aims to educate women and caregivers about the top seven early signs of vulval cancer, with a focus on empowering readers in Kolkata and beyond to recognize symptoms and seek prompt medical help.
Why Awareness Matters
Vulval cancer often develops slowly and may begin as pre-cancerous changes that are treatable if caught early. However, due to the intimate nature of the area affected, many women delay seeking medical advice—either due to embarrassment, misinformation, or lack of awareness. Unfortunately, by the time vulval cancer is diagnosed, it may have progressed to an advanced stage, requiring aggressive treatment.
Knowing the signs and symptoms can quite literally save lives. If you notice any of the following signs—especially if they persist for more than a few weeks—it is vital to consult a gynecologist or oncologist.
1. Persistent Itching or Burning in the Vulva
One of the earliest and most common symptoms of vulval cancer is constant itching or burning in the vulvar area. While itching is often attributed to infections, allergies, or hygiene issues, in the case of vulval cancer, the sensation tends to be persistent and doesn’t respond well to usual treatments like antifungal creams or antihistamines.
If you’re experiencing long-term itching, especially if you’re postmenopausal or have lichen sclerosus, do not ignore it. A thorough examination and biopsy may be necessary to rule out cancerous changes.
2. Lumps, Bumps, or Growths
Not all lumps are cancerous, but new or unusual growths, thickened patches, or nodules on the vulva should always be investigated. In early stages, these lumps may be painless and small, which is why many women overlook them. They may feel like raised areas or appear wart-like, similar to genital warts caused by HPV.
If a lump continues to grow or changes in color or texture, seek immediate evaluation by a gynecologist. Women searching for vulval cancer specialist doctors in Kolkata should look for gynecologic oncologists with experience in diagnosing and managing such conditions.
3. Changes in Vulval Skin Color or Texture
Pay close attention to any skin discoloration, white patches (leukoplakia), or areas that appear red, dark, or ulcerated on the vulva. Changes in texture, such as thickened, rough, or flaky skin, can also indicate precancerous or cancerous changes.
In conditions like lichen sclerosus, the skin becomes thin and white, increasing the risk of vulval cancer. If these patches become hard or develop sores, they should not be ignored.
In Kolkata and West Bengal, where skin conditions are sometimes self-treated at pharmacies, it’s important not to delay medical consultation when it comes to genital skin changes.
4. Pain or Tenderness in the Vulva
While many early-stage vulval cancers are painless, unexplained pain or tenderness in the vulvar region that doesn’t go away with rest or medication can be a warning sign. The pain may be localized or radiate to nearby areas like the thighs or buttocks.
This symptom is especially concerning if accompanied by any of the other signs listed here. Don’t dismiss it as a menstrual issue or urinary tract infection unless it has been properly evaluated by a healthcare professional.
5. Bleeding or Discharge Not Related to Menstruation
Any bleeding between periods, after menopause, or post-intercourse should raise a red flag. Unusual vaginal discharge that is foul-smelling or blood-tinged is also a cause for concern.
In the case of vulval cancer, bleeding may occur from lesions or ulcers present on the vulva. If you notice blood-stained underwear or require panty liners due to abnormal discharge, seek prompt medical attention.
Clinics across Kolkata—including gynecologic oncology units at institutions like Apollo Gleneagles, Tata Medical Center, and Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute—offer diagnostic services like biopsies and imaging for a proper diagnosis.
6. Sores, Ulcers, or Open Lesions That Do Not Heal
Small cuts, ulcers, or blisters on the vulva that don’t heal within two to three weeks should never be ignored. These lesions may resemble genital herpes or fungal infections but are often painless and persistent in vulval cancer.
They may crust over, ooze, or remain raw, and are usually resistant to over-the-counter treatments. This is a classic sign that further evaluation, often with a biopsy, is necessary.
If you’re searching online for “non-healing sores in genital area near Kolkata,” make sure to consult a certified gynecologist or oncologist rather than self-medicating.
7. Swelling in the Groin or Enlarged Lymph Nodes
In some cases, vulval cancer may spread to nearby lymph nodes, especially in the groin area. This can result in noticeable swelling or lumps in one or both groin regions. The swelling might be painless or tender to the touch.
Enlarged lymph nodes could also be a sign that the cancer is more advanced. If you notice any such swelling, even in the absence of other symptoms, it’s best to consult a gynecologic oncologist near you.
Who Is at Higher Risk of Vulval Cancer?
While vulval cancer can affect women of all ages, it is most common in women over the age of 60. The following factors increase the risk:
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly types 16 and 18
- Lichen sclerosus, a chronic skin condition of the vulva
- Smoking, which impairs immune defense and cellular health
- Weakened immune system, due to conditions like HIV/AIDS or immunosuppressive therapy
- History of cervical or vaginal cancer
- Chronic vulvar irritation or inflammation
In urban areas like Kolkata, where lifestyle-related risks like smoking and HPV exposure are increasing, the importance of preventive care cannot be overstated.
How Is Vulval Cancer Diagnosed?
If a doctor suspects vulval cancer, they may conduct the following:
- Visual examination of the vulvar area
- Colposcopy, a magnified inspection
- Biopsy, to determine if cancerous cells are present
- Imaging tests like CT, MRI, or PET scans if metastasis is suspected
Timely diagnosis greatly improves treatment outcomes and offers more options for less invasive therapies.
Treatment Options
Treatment for vulval cancer depends on the stage, type, and location of the cancer. Options may include:
- Surgical excision (removing the tumor or entire vulva in some cases)
- Radiation therapy
- Chemotherapy
- Reconstructive surgery after removal of cancerous tissues
Top hospitals in Kolkata like AMRI, Fortis, and Tata Medical Center offer comprehensive treatment plans for vulval cancer patients.
When to See a Doctor
You should immediately consult a doctor if:
- You have persistent vulval itching or burning for more than 2–3 weeks
- You notice new lumps, bumps, or sores on the vulva
- There is bleeding unrelated to your menstrual cycle
- Skin discoloration or texture changes appear
- You have enlarged lymph nodes in the groin
Don’t delay due to embarrassment or uncertainty. Vulval cancer is highly treatable when caught early.
Conclusion
Vulval cancer may be rare, but its consequences can be severe if left undiagnosed. Women should pay close attention to changes in the genital area and seek medical attention for symptoms that don’t go away. The seven signs outlined in this article—persistent itching, new lumps, changes in skin texture, pain, abnormal bleeding, non-healing sores, and groin swelling—can all serve as early warnings of a potential problem.
Whether you’re in Kolkata or elsewhere in West Bengal, timely consultation with a gynecologist can make all the difference. Raising awareness and encouraging open conversations around gynecological health can empower more women to take proactive steps toward early detection and improved outcomes.
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